
African American residents of Austin, Texas, celebrate
the “freedom day” festival known as Juneteenth.
|
Gordon Granger |
|
November 6, 1822(1822-11-06)
– January 10, 1876 (aged 53) |
 |
|
History of Juneteenth
What is Juneteenth?
Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration of the ending of slavery.
Dating back to 1865, it was on June 19th that the Union soldiers, led by
Major General Gordon Granger, landed at Galveston, Texas with news that
the war had ended and that all slaves were now free. Note that this was
two and a half years after President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
- which had become official January 1, 1863. The Emancipation
Proclamation had little impact on the Texans due to the minimal number
of Union troops to enforce the new Executive order. However, with the
surrender of General Lee in April of 1865, and the arrival of General
Granger's regiment, the forces were finally strong enough to influence
and overcome the resistance.
Later attempts to explain this two and a half year delay in the
receipt of this important news have yielded several versions that have
been handed down through the years. Often told is the story of a
messenger who was murdered on his way to Texas with the news of freedom.
Another, is that the news was deliberately withheld by the slave masters
to maintain the labor force on the plantations. And still another, is
that federal troops actually waited for the slave owners to reap the
benefits of one last cotton harvest before going to Texas to enforce the
Emancipation Proclamation. All or neither could be true. For whatever
the reason, conditions in Texas remained status quo well beyond what was
statutory.
|